Nanotechnology Now – Press Release: Understanding the mechanism of non-uniform diamond film formation on tools: Paving the way to a dry process with less environmental impact
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| The mechanism of the non-uniform formation was revealed COPYRIGHT CREDIT (C) TOYOHASHI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY. ALL RIGHTS COPYRIGHT. |
Abstract:
Summary
Diamond film coated tools (diamond coated tools) are used for materials that are difficult to machine such as CFRP. In the manufacture of diamond-coated tools, pre-treatment is required to remove the cobalt from the tool using a liquid to achieve a uniform diamond film surface. However, there are concerns about the environmental impact of effluent from liquid pretreatment (wet treatment), and it is necessary to develop processes that do not use liquids (dry processing).
Understanding the mechanism of non-uniform diamond film formation on tools: Paving the way to dry processes with less environmental impact
Toyohashi, Japan | Posted on March 24, 2023
A research team consisting of master student Yoshinori Saiki, Assistant Professor Takahiro Bando, Lecturer Toru Harigai, Professor Hirofumi Takikawa of the Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronic Information at Toyohashi University of Technology, and others have uncovered the mechanism by which cobalt creates diamond films. non-uniform surface with the aim of developing a pretreatment that does not require wet processing. Specifically, the team found that carbon filaments cause non-uniform formation in the smooth, low-friction nanocrystalline diamond film, and that inhibition of carbon filaments is key (Fig. 1). This study was carried out in collaboration with OSG Corporation (a leading company in the Higashimikawa area) and Nagaoka University of Technology (with strong ties to our university), making it a unique research project for Toyohashi University of Technology.
Details
Diamond film coated tools (diamond coated tools) are used for materials that are difficult to machine. A typical example of a material that is difficult to work with is carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP), which is used as a light and hard material to reduce the weight of airframes and automobiles.
As a basic material for depositing diamond film, cemented tungsten carbide and cobalt binder are usually used. And hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HF-CVD) is used as a film deposition technique. Figure 2 shows the film deposition process. When the diamond film was deposited on tungsten carbide cemented by HF-CVD, it was noticed that the quality of the diamond-coated tools deteriorated because the diamond film became non-uniform due to the cobalt grains. Therefore, pretreatment is required to remove cobalt in liquid cemented tungsten carbide. However, there are concerns about the environmental impact of wastewater from liquid processing (wet processing), and it is necessary to develop processes that do not use liquids (dry processing). In this study, we initially disclosed the mechanism by which cobalt makes the surface of diamond films non-uniform with the goal of developing a pretreatment that does not require wet processing.
There are two types of diamond films deposited on tools: microcrystalline diamond and nanocrystalline diamond. Previous studies have proposed a non-uniform formation mechanism only for microcrystalline diamonds. However, there were no findings regarding nanocrystalline diamonds, which are considered smooth, have less friction, and are more suitable for tools. In this study, we reveal the non-uniform formation mechanism for nanocrystalline diamonds as well as for microcrystalline diamonds by time-resolved observations of the deposition process for both microcrystalline diamonds and nanocrystalline diamonds. Specifically, in nanocrystalline diamond, the carbon filaments lift up the particles on the tungsten carbide substrate (Fig. 3), making the substrate non-uniform, thereby causing non-uniform formation.
Future Outlook
In this study, we show that it is important to inhibit the growth of carbon filaments in the early stages of deposition to inhibit the non-uniform formation of nanocrystalline diamond films in the dry process. In the future, we plan to develop a deposition technique using HF-CVD in a high temperature environment that can inhibit the growth of carbon filaments. Next, having established a uniform shaping process for nanocrystalline diamond films, we plan to apply the process to actual tools and investigate its machining performance.
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Contact:
Yoko Okubo
Toyohashi University of Technology (TUT)
Office: 81-532-44-6975
Copyright © Toyohashi University of Technology (TUT)
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