Nanotechnology Now – Press Release: Data can now be processed at the speed of light!
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| POSTECH CREDIT Image Research |
Abstract:
How did the Marvel movie character Ant-Man manage to generate such powerful energy from his small body? The secret lies in a “transistor” in the setting that amplifies weak signals for processing. Transistors that amplify electrical signals in the conventional way lose heat energy and limit the speed of signal transfer, which degrades performance. What if it were possible to overcome these limitations and create high performance settings that are light and small but without losing heat energy?
Data can now be processed at the speed of light!
Pohang, South Korea | Posted April 14, 2023
The POSTECH team of Professors Kyoung-Duck Park and Yeonjeong Koo from the Department of Physics and a team from ITMO University in Russia led by Professor Vasily Kravtsov jointly developed a “nano-excitonic transistor” using intralayer and interlayer excitations in semiconductor based heterostructures, which addresses the limitations of transistors which exists.
“Excitons” are responsible for the light emission of semiconductor materials and are key to developing the next generation of light-emitting elements with less heat and light sources for quantum information technology due to the free conversion between light and materials in an electrically neutral state. There are two types of excitations in a semiconductor heterobilayer, which is a stack of two distinct semiconductor monolayers: intralayer excitations with a horizontal direction and interlayer excitations with a vertical direction.
The optical signals emitted by the two stimuli have different light, duration, and coherence times. This means that the selective control of two optical signals can allow the development of two-bit exciton transistors. However, it is challenging to control intra- and interlayer excitations in nanoscale space due to the non-homogeneity of the semiconductor heterostructures and the low luminous efficiency of the interlayer excitons in addition to the light diffraction limits.
The team in previous research has proposed a technology for controlling excitability in nano-level space by pressing semiconductor materials with nanoscale tips. This time, for the first time, the researchers were able to remotely control the intensity and illumination efficiency of the stimuli based on the polarized light at the tip without touching the stimuli directly. The most significant advantage of this method, which combines a photonic nanocavity and a spatial light modulator, is that it can reversibly control the excitability, minimizing physical damage to the semiconductor material. Additionally, nano-excitonic transistors that harness “light” can help process large amounts of data at the speed of light while minimizing heat energy loss.
Artificial intelligence (AI) has entered our lives much faster than we thought, and it requires enormous volumes of data to learn in order to provide good answers that users actually benefit from. An ever-increasing volume of information must be collected and processed as more and more fields use AI. This research is expected to be able to propose a new data processing strategy that is in line with the data explosion era. Yeonjeong Koo, co-author of the research paper, said, “Nano-excitonic transistors are expected to play an integral role in realizing optical computers, which will help process large amounts of data driven by AI technology.
Research recently published in the international journal ACS Nano, was supported by the Samsung Science and Technology Foundation and the National Research Foundation of Korea.
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Contact:
Jin Young Huh
Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH)
Office: 82-54-279-2415
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